【翻譯】三世紀的中國對羅馬的看法
原文來自http://io9.com/heres-what-third-century-china-thought-about-the-roman-1253007513/all
此文是外國人對於中國人怎麼看羅馬人的短文,內容不複雜,一樣會於文末做一些簡單的補充。
這篇翻譯最妙的部份,在於看到中國文言文翻成英文後味道整個不見XD,只能說翻譯真的是門藝術啊,請各位務必於閱讀下文時體會看看這種微妙的衝突感。
Here’s what third-century China thought about the Roman Empire
Rob Bricken
三世紀的中國對羅馬的看法
Third-century China got around the ancient world. They even made it to the Roman Empire, and wrote down their thoughts on these strange foreigners in the Weilüe, a third-century C.E. account of the interactions between the two nations. Here’s what China had to say about their imperial neighbors!
西元三世紀時,中國人的足跡已遍及古代世界,他們甚至曾到過羅馬帝國,並在《魏略》一書中寫下他們對這些奇怪外國人的感想。《魏略》記述了兩國在三世紀的交流。來看看中國人對他們的帝國鄰居有什麼想法:
From a translation by the University of Washington’s John E. Hill:
以下翻譯由華盛頓大學的教授提供:
(註:由於引的是中文,故我將直接摘錄魏略相同的文段,分為原文和英文翻譯,請大家視自己的情況取用)
This country (the Roman Empire) has more than four hundred smaller cities and towns. It extends several thousand li in all directions. The king has his capital (that is, the city of Rome) close to the mouth of a river (the Tiber). The outer walls of the city are made of stone.
原文:國有小城邑合四百餘,東西南北數千里。其王治濱側河海,以石爲城郭。
英文譯文:
這個國家(羅馬帝國)有超過400個城鎮,延展數千里。他們的國王有自己的首都,位於河畔(即提伯河),城的外牆都是用石頭建成的。This region has pine trees, cypress, sophora, catalpa, bamboo, reeds, poplars, willows, parasol trees, and all sorts of plants. The people cultivate the five grains [traditionally: rice, glutinous and non-glutinous millet, wheat and beans], and they raise horses, mules, donkeys, camels and silkworms. (They have) a tradition of amazing conjuring. They can produce fire from their mouths, bind and then free themselves, and juggle twelve balls with extraordinary skill.
原文:其土地有松、柏、槐、梓、竹、葦、楊柳、梧桐、百草。民俗,田種五穀,畜乘有馬、騾、驢、駱駝。桑蠶。俗多奇幻,口中出火,自縛自解,跳十二丸巧妙。
英文譯文:
這塊土地有松、柏、槐、梓、竹、葦、楊柳、梧桐和各種植物,這裡的人民種植五種榖物(稻米、糯米、粟米、麥子、大豆),畜養馬匹、驢子、驢、駱駝。他們有驚人的魔術戲法,可以從嘴中噴出火來,把自己綁起來後不依靠外力逃脫、或是以精湛的技術表演丟擲12顆球。The ruler of this country is not permanent. When disasters result from unusual phenomena, they unceremoniously replace him, installing a virtuous man as king, and release the old king, who does not dare show resentment.
原文:其國無常主,國中有災異,輒更立賢人以爲王,而生放其故王,王亦不敢怨。
英文譯文:
這個國家沒有永久的統治者,當有非常的災難來臨,他們就以賢德的人取代統治者,並解除原本國王的職務,而他也不敢表示出憤恨。The common people are tall and virtuous like the Chinese, but wear hu (‘Western’) clothes. They say they originally came from China, but left it.
原文:其俗人長大平正,似中國人而胡服。自云本中國一別也
英文譯文:
一般民眾高大而有德,很像穿著西服(胡服)的中國人,他們說自己原本是來自中國。They have always wanted to communicate with China but, Anxi (Parthia), jealous of their profits, would not allow them to pass (through to China).
原文:常欲通使於中國,而安息圖其利,不能得過。
英文譯文:
他們很想和中國來往,但安息(即帕提亞)惟恐失掉利潤,不允許他們經過安息(到中國)
As a Latin and Classics nerd, I’m weirdly gratified for the ancient Chinese to give them such a good review. Here’s a description of some of Rome’s trade goods:
作為一個拉丁文和古典愛好者,我很高興古代中國人對羅馬人有良好印象,以下還有一些內容是關於羅馬的貿易商品。
This country produces fine linen. They make gold and silver coins. One gold coin is equal to ten silver coins.
原文:國出細絺,作金銀錢,金錢一當銀錢十。
英文譯文:
這個國家生產細麻布,他們製作金幣和銀幣,一金幣等於十銀幣。They have fine brocaded cloth that is said to be made from the down of ‘water-sheep’. It is called Haixi (‘Egyptian’) cloth. This country produces the six domestic animals, which are all said to come from the water.
原文:有織成細布,言用水羊毳,名曰海西布。此國六畜皆出水
英文譯文:
他們有細緻的錦衣,說是用水羊的絨毛做的,稱作海西布(埃及)。這個國家(埃及)生產六種牲畜,都出自水中。It is said that they not only use sheep’s wool, but also bark from trees, or the silk from wild cocoons, to make brocade, mats, pile rugs, woven cloth and curtains, all of them of good quality, and with brighter colours than those made in the countries of Haidong (“East of the Sea”).
原文:或云非獨用羊毛也,亦用木皮或野繭絲作,織成氍毹、毾㲪、罽帳之屬皆好,其色又鮮于海東諸國所作也。
英文譯文:
也有說他們不是用羊毛,而是用木皮或野生蠶繭絲去做成雲錦,地墊,地毯,色織布和窗簾,這些布都品質良好,甚至比東部沿海諸國有著更明亮的色彩。Furthermore, they regularly make a profit by obtaining Chinese silk, unravelling it, and making fine hu (‘Western’) silk damasks. That is why this country trades with Anxi (Parthia) across the middle of the sea. The seawater is bitter and unable to be drunk, which is why it is rare for those who try to make contact to reach China.
原文:又常利得中國絲,解以爲胡綾,故數與安息諸國交市於海中。海水苦不可食,故往來者希到其國中。
英文譯文:
此外,他們經常利用中國的絲獲利,拆解並製作成絲綢胡服,這就是為什麼這個國家要跨越地中海與安息交易。這裡的海水很苦不能喝,以致於很少人能夠與中國交通。
And here’s even the directions how to get there:
然後這裡也描述了如何前往的指示:
The kingdom of Da Qin (Rome) is also called Lijian. It is west of Anxi (Parthia) and Tiaozhi (Characene and Susiana), and west of the Great Sea.
原文:大秦國一號犁靬,在安息、條支西大海之西
英文譯文:
大秦國又名犁靬,在安息(帕提亞)、條支(蘇西安那和查拉塞尼)和大海的西邊From the city of Angu (Gerrha), on the frontier of Anxi (Parthia), you take a boat and cut directly across to Haixi (‘West of the Sea’ = Egypt). With favourable winds it takes two months; if the winds are slow, perhaps a year; if there is no wind, perhaps three years.
原文:從安息界安穀城乘船,直截海西,遇風利二月到,風遲或一歲,無風或三歲。
英文譯文:
從安息的前線安古城(加爾拉,位於波斯)搭船,直達海西(埃及),順風時約兩個月,若遇到風慢,則可能一年,如果遇到無風,也許需要三年。The country (that you reach) is west of the sea (haixi), which is why it is called Haixi (literally: ‘West of the Sea’ = Egypt). There is a river (the Nile) flowing out of the west of this country, and then there is another great sea (the Mediterranean). The city of (Wu) Chisan (Alexandria) is in Haixi (Egypt).
原文:其國在海西,故俗謂之海西。有河出其國,西又有大海。海西有遲散城
英文譯文:
這個(你所要前往的)國家,在海的西方,這就是為什麼他被稱為海西,這裡有河(尼羅河)流經這個國家的西半部,而另外一邊有大海(地中海)。遲散城(亞歷山卓)在海西(埃及)From below this country you go north to reach the city of Wudan (Tanis?). You (then) head southwest and cross a river (the Sebannitus branch of the Nile?) by boat, which takes a day. You head southwest again, and again cross a river (the Canopis branch of the Nile?) by boat, which takes another day. There are, in all, three major cities [that you come to].
原文:從國下直北至烏丹城,西南又渡一河,乘船一日乃過。西南又渡一河,一日乃過。凡有大都三
英文譯文:
自這國家下方往北前進到達烏丹城(坦尼斯?),你朝西南坐船渡河(可能是Sebannitus branch或尼羅河),約需要一天時間,再朝西南前進,再過一河(Canopis branch或尼羅河),又要再花一天。總計經過三個大城市。Now, if you leave the city of Angu (Gerrha) by the overland route, you go north to Haibei (‘North of the Sea’ – the lands between Babylonia and Jordan), then west to Haixi (Egypt), then turn south to go through the city of Wuchisan (Alexandria). After crossing a river, which takes a day by boat, you circle around the coast (to the region of Apollonia, the port of Cyrene). (From there, i.e. the region of Apollonia) six days is generally enough to cross the (second) great sea (the Mediterranean) to reach that country (Da Qin = Rome).
原文:卻從安穀城陸道直北行之海北,復直西行之海西,復直南行經之烏遲散城,渡一河,乘船一日乃過。周回繞海,凡當渡大海六日乃到其國。
英文譯文:
現在如果你從安榖城走陸路,往北方到達海北(約介於約旦和巴比倫間),而後向西到達海西(埃及),轉往南方前往烏遲散城(亞歷山卓)。而後花一天渡河,環繞著海岸(約昔蘭尼附近),一般來說花六天就能跨過大海(地中海)到達這個國家(羅馬)
You can read the whole Weilüe here for more of ancient China’s Fodor’s guide to the Roman Empire.
你可以閱讀整本《魏略》獲得更多關於古代中國對羅馬帝國的看法。
BOOK譯後亂講堂:
這篇的目的主要是探討中國人如何看待羅馬帝國,此篇作者應該是個古典世界迷,但本文有個很大的問題點是,文中所提的書《魏略》其實已經散軼,所以作者是一直叫讀者去看不存在的書XD,但因為裴松之的《三國志注》引注了不少魏略的內容,有助於保存部分文章,故此文所引的文基本上是來自《三國志 魏書三十 烏丸鮮卑東夷傳》裴松之加注的部份。
在WIKI圖書館可以看到原文:
三國志 魏書三十 烏丸鮮卑東夷傳
引自《魏略》的部分,其實有相當多的記述是錯誤或是乍看是不知所云的,若對這部份及中文典籍的羅馬帝國描述有興趣,可參考
余太山的《漢文史籍有關羅馬帝國的記載》
原刊《文史》第71輯(2005年第2期)
http://www.historicalchina.net/admin/WebEdit/UploadFile/RomeTS.pdf
這裡面詳列漢代各史書對於羅馬的描述,算是詳盡,注釋很多方便理解文句中的一些背景,可供參考。
以上純個人心得分享,若有任何問題請留言給我,懇請大家指正(鞠躬)