【翻譯】歡慶羅馬生日
原文來自http://www.wantedinrome.com/news/2003090/romes-celebrates-2767th-birthday.html
是關於羅馬誕生日的一些報導,一樣會於文末做一些簡單的補充。
Rome’s celebrates 2,767th birthday
羅馬慶祝2767歲生日
New findings suggest Rome may be even older
新的研究顯示羅馬也許比我們想像中更古老
The capital celebrates its 2,767th birthday on Monday 21 April, which this year falls on Easter Monday, or Pasquetta, a public holiday in Italy.
首都羅馬在4/21星期一慶祝他的2767歲生日,這天適逢義大利國定假日─復活節星期一(又稱Pasquetta)
Known as Natale di Rome, the annual birthday celebration is based on the legendary foundation of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC, although a recent find in the Roman Forum would suggest that the city is more than 100 years older.
以「羅馬的誕生Natale di Rome」(Natale為義大利語,誕生之意)聞名的年度慶祝活動,是基於羅穆路斯於西元前753年的羅馬建城傳說,雖然最近在羅馬廣場的發現表明這個城市比至少比傳說多100歲。
The claims were made by the archaeologist responsible for the Forum, Patrizia Fortini, whose team unearthed a wall near the Curia Julia and the ancient shrine known as the Lapis Niger, whose site includes a black stone block with the earliest inscription found in Rome. The ceramic material discovered around the tufa wall was dated “between the ninth century and the beginning of the eighth century” according to Fortini.
這份聲明由負責此廣場的考古學家Patrizia Fortin所發表,他的團隊在朱利亞議事廳(Curia Julia)和黑色大理石(Lapis Niger,上頭有羅馬最古老的拉丁文碑文)附近發現了古牆,散落在泥灰岩牆周邊的瓷器材料,根據Fortin的說法,鑑定年代約在西元前九世紀到八世紀初期。
Notwithstanding the new archaeological revelations, the traditional birthday celebrations go ahead as planned in the capital on 21 April. For the last 20 years members of historical dramatic society Gruppo Storico Romano have brought history to life by re-enacting battles, historic events, and displays of ancient theatre and dance in the city centre. This year the group opens the birthday celebrations with a fire-lighting ceremony in the Circus Maximus at 10.45, followed at 11.30 with a costumed parade. This spectacle involves more than 1,600 gladiators, senators, vestal virgins and priestesses and the route begins and ends at the Circus Maximus, taking in Via del Teatro di Marcello, Piazza Venezia, Via dei Fori Imperiali and the Colosseum along the way.
雖然新的考古學如此揭示,但這個傳統的慶生活動仍在4/21舉辦,最近20年,戲劇歷史化社會團體的成員─羅馬歷史組織(Gruppo Storico Romano),透過在市中心重現戰役、歷史事件以及古代戲劇和舞蹈,將歷史帶入了生活。今年此團體的慶祝活動10:45以馬克西穆斯競技場Circus Maximus點燃火炬開場,接著11:30的化妝遊行,有超過1600名角鬥士、元老議員、維斯塔聖女以及女祭司,這個遊行路徑的起點和終點都是在馬克西穆斯競技場,中途經過馬賽爾劇場大道(Via del Teatro di Marcello)、威尼斯廣場、帝國大道和大競技場(Colosseum)
The foundation of Rome is marked at the Circus Maximus that afternoon, from 15.00-19.00, with a number of ceremonies. Among these is the trench-digging ritual, known as the tracciato del solco, recalling the founding of ancient Roman towns when a trench or “mundus” was dug and offerings thrown into it to encourage the gods to watch over the town’s inhabitants. This is followed by a re-enactment of the agricultural Palilia ceremony. Dating back to before the founding of Rome, the ceremony was held in honour of the goddess Pales, protector of flocks and herds, and involved vestal virgins distributing straw and the ashes and blood of sacrificed animals before jumping over a bonfire three times.
下午的馬克西穆斯競技場,是羅馬奠基活動的特色,從下午3點到7點有著多項儀式。其中之一「tracciato del solco」,是回顧古羅馬城的建立,供品被扔進挖開的溝渠(mundus),目的是鼓勵神去守護城鎮的居民。而後再現牧人節儀式,此儀式可回溯至羅馬建城以前,這是為了紀念羊隻和牛群的保護者,女神派里絲(Pales),接著維斯塔聖女們會先跳過篝火,而後分配麥桿灰燼及祭祀牲物的血。
The city’s birthday has been marked annually since 1870. The “date of birth” is believed to have been established by the first-century BC historian Marcus Terentius Varro who based his findings on a date ascertained by his friend, the astrologer, mathematician and philosopher Lucius Taruntius Firmanus. For full details see the Gruppo Storico Romano website.
這個城市的誕生自1870年代起即成為年度代表(活動),現在普遍相信「羅馬的誕生日」是西元前一世紀的史家馬庫斯·特倫提烏斯·瓦羅(Marcus Terentius Varr)所確立,他根據他身兼占星家、數學家及哲學家的朋友盧西斯‧塔倫堤屋斯‧費爾馬烏斯(Lucius Taruntius Firmanus)查明的日期,並依此認定羅馬的生日。
更多細節請參照此網站Gruppo Storico Romano website.
補充
這篇報導最有趣的地方其實是文末所附的連結Gruppo Storico Romano website,這個團體非常認真的地重現羅馬時代的一切,服裝跟活動規劃都相當認真,相當專業,網站雖然都是義大利文,但有不少影片,多少可以增添一些趣味。
關於tracciato del solco
這是根據羅馬建成傳說的挖溝活動,目前的史料說明主要來自普魯塔克的「希臘羅馬名人傳」,節錄部分相關內文如下:羅穆路斯積極從事城市建設…….首先他們要挖出一道圓形的深壕,進入這個地點需要舉行莊嚴的儀式,將所有作物的頭一批收成投到壕內,這是表示豐收的習俗或出於自然的需要;最後,每個人將故鄉帶來的一塊泥土,全部丟進去混在一起。這個壕溝他們稱為Mundus,和「天堂」有相同的名字;然後以這個點為中心,將城市包在一個圓周內。
接著城市奠基者安排裝著青銅梨頭的耕梨,架軛並用一頭牡牛和一頭母牛,沿著預定的界線梨出一道標線或深畦,跟隨在後的人員將翻出來的土,全都堆放在面向城市的中心界線內,不容許有任何一小塊土留在外面…….當他們到達要按照計畫建造城門的地點,就將梨頭拆下來,再拖耕梨前進,留下預定的空間。根據這個道理,他們認為除了城門都可以讓人通行之外,全部城牆的都要視為神聖不可侵犯的地點,絕不容許任何人在上面越過。
(最後大家都知道,羅穆路斯的弟弟就跳過去了,造成兄弟相殘的悲劇)
關於羅馬建成日期的考證
原文因為是報導,寫的較簡略,普魯塔克的「希臘羅馬名人傳」一樣有保留為何羅馬建成日是4/21的理由,節錄部分如下:
到了瓦羅的時代(約西元前一世紀),這位哲學家是深入研究羅馬歷史的學者,與一位名為塔倫堤屋斯的知心好友住在一起,塔倫堤屋斯是學識淵博的哲學家和數學家…..瓦羅就羅穆路斯的生日這個問題請好友計算,只要瓦羅提供羅穆路斯一生中某些事件…..塔倫堤屋斯說這種科學的方法可以從一個的生日預知他的平生,同時也可以用這個人的生平去找出他的生日。
(總之從現代角度來看,羅馬的建成日期完全是場誤會XD)
以上純個人心得分享,若有任何問題請留言給我,懇請大家指正(鞠躬)